Аннотация

On the basis of the new diplomatic documents the author tries to give the answer to the disputable question why did it happen that precisely the Near and Middle East region triggered off the first crisis in postwar international relations. For this purpose the author analize the process of formation in the USSR and the USA of the political and strategic principles, which determined their approach to Iran and Turkey, and special features of the Stalin’s concept of security in the Near and Middle East. The great historical importance is attributed to the geopolitical factor’s effect.